The bit truly is the key to the horse. A good functional relationship between the rider and the horse requires careful analysis of any problems without a knee jerk reaction to trying to fix them. Horses are personalities in their own right and how you successfully control them, whether in horse racing, show jumping or just a sunday afternoon ride is not just about the bit. It is how you, your horse and the bit work together. Don’t forget it might be you that is the problem and not the horse. In this article we will review what different horse bits bring to this relationship, plus how you and the horse need to work in synergy .
When considering the partnership between the rider and the horse the bit is fundamental to the success of that relationship , and finding the right bit for the job can be a challenge and often relying on luck in the end .
By correlating what you observe in your horse’s behaviour with the variety of bit features , one can become more sure about the bit you choose, however neatly categorising different horse bits and their specific function is difficult. Many of the features of horse bits are often mixed together to form new varieties, however for our purposes in this article we will create some broad definitions that will form the basis of future discussion.
What follows is a brief overview of horse bit types.
Snaffles are what are called direct pressure bits. When the rider pulls on the rein, the same amount of force is transmitted directly to the horse bit . This style of bit is particularly effective when training an inexperienced horse but it can be used at anytime.
Curbs bits are leverage bits . The physical construction of the bit is designed to generate leverage and multiplies the pressure applied by the rider . The longer the bit shank or cheek length the more force will be generated . Due to this leverage effect and potential discomfort to the horse, curbs are best used in the hands of a more experienced rider whom has developed a controlled touch.
Combos . The combination of pressure and leverage is possible with some bits such as Pelhams and Gags.
To give further options when choosing a horse bit there are a wide variety of bit attributes giving great flexibility to the knowledgeable rider looking to address particular issues with their horse. As an example the swales 3-in-1 bit offers a number of combinations of features. The swales is popular with riders with strong horses. This controlling force is applied through a curbing action and can be varied by choosing a specific shank length.
One can also choose different materials for the bit, for example copper offers a affect that encourages the horse to salivate and may help the horse be more responsive to the bits action. On the other hand a rubber bit is a gentler bit and often a good option for the younger horse as they are learning to correctly respond to the will of the rider and the action of the bit.
A stronger bit might subsequently be necessary if the rubber bit is loosing its effect such as when the horse gets bigger or more canny. Having said that when the horse works well with the soft bit do not feel obliged to change as the horse gets older. If it works leave it be unless you are a professional looking to gain a specific competitive advantage .
Changing the height of the port in the bit is another variable you might consider. The height of the port can allow more room for the tongue but when the reins are pulled more force is put on the horse’s palate e.g. High Port Pelham. So in this case very careful evaluation of your requirements is recommended so that you do not injure your horse .
To summarise one can physically control the horse with direct or indirect force. Also the bit can be designed to provide more or less force depending on the horse. The behaviour of the horse can be affected by adjustments to the mouth piece form and even what it is made from e.g. copper or rubber.
In coming articles we will look at some typical behavioural issues with horses that can be addressed by exploiting different bit forms. However remember your horse is a animal that deserves love and respect and one should not simply apply general rules in a prescriptive way . Your horse cannot talk but he is definitely trying to help you solve your problem.
